political correctness

I loved David Wilcox’s Chicago Reader article Human Care Bears about the cultural framing of people with mental disabilities.  I am always profoundly frustrated by the way that critiques of critiques of language dismiss people feeling offended or having other deeply personal reactions to certain words.  Wilcox’s writing about the word “retarded” is much more nuanced in its exploration of language and the way it describes or fails to describe people’s experiences.  Wilcox explains how, having a sister with mental disabilities, his relationship with the word “retarded” is complicated and evolving he can find it degrading, employ it at times, and find himself apathetic about its casual use.

Wilcox writes:

Through most of my teens and into my early 20s, I never hesitated to correct someone if I heard them use the R word inappropriately.

And then I eased up. Not altogether—I still consider retard, when directed at someone with an actual disability, a degrading term, and I’m not afraid to say so. But when I hear an acquaintance or a stranger toss off phrases like “that’s so retarded,” it hardly seems worth it. If it’s someone I care about, who I know will actually listen, then absolutely, I’ll take the time to explain why it bothers me. Otherwise, in my experience, pointing it out has just made people defensive, made me look self-righteous, and ultimately never changed a thing.

In his article he manages to offer, in part, the “sustained, thoughtful discussion” that he finds so missing in our society when it comes to talking about the word “retarded” (and really the way that language offends and mediates our society).

I really like the way he explains that both “retarded” and seemingly positive representations of mental disability fail to represent his sister’s reality.

Read “Human Care Bears.”

Counting on you

West Ridge community organizers and census representatives hope community members can get everyone counted

To get to the census workshop, attendees must first be buzzed into the building and directed to the library, past the school children lingering in the hallway.

Inside the library, chairs have been hastily arranged into a wide ‘U’ and the tables commandeered, one to hold coffee, doughnuts, and fruit and another covered with literature in a variety of languages. Despite the snow and slush outside, more than a dozen people have trickled into the room, piling their winter coats on the back of their chairs, as inspirational music plays from a promotional video looping in the background.

School children linger at the room’s window, peering curiously inside, perhaps trying to figure out why these people, mostly women, some accompanied by young children, are sitting quietly as Nathan Taylor speaks in front of a portable projection screen.

Taylor, a partnership specialist for the Chicago Regional Census Center works with community organizers like Aga Kusmierz, with Organization of the North East, to get community members to complete their census forms, which they’ll receive in the middle of March, to make sure the community receives its fair share of funding.

“How much is distributed every year, based on the census counts?” Taylor asks.  A members of the audience murmur in response, “four hundred billion dollars.”  The first woman to respond is given a prize, a tote bag emblazoned with the United States Census 2010 logo.

After Taylor finishes his presentation, Kusmierz addresses the audience.  “The reason why we’re here, you’re not in the school, you’re not in the main building is because you don’t have a school,” Kusmierz said.  The workshop was held in the back end of a West Ridge Orthodox Jewish synagogue rented by Boone Elementary School to accommodate an overflow of pre-kindergarten and first grade students.

“You know this place is extremely overcrowded,” Kusmierz said.  “The kind of curriculum we have, the books, how many teachers we have, how many kids per teacher in the classroom, how long you’re waiting in the bus stop everything the roads the bridges the sidewalks that’s all because somebody 10 years ago didn’t fill out the census.”

Taylor,  said every person amounts to roughly $12,000 over 10 years. “Last time the census was conducted almost half the people in this community did not get counted,” Taylor said.  “So that’s a lot of money that would come to the community for schools, for senior citizen programs, health for clinics, for roads, to help defer the costs of the CTA.”

Getting community members to return their census forms can be difficult in a community like West Ridge where a large and diverse immigrant population may speak many different languages and residents may have cultural experiences which make them wary of the census.

The 2000 census showed that nearly 46 percent of the total population of West Ridge was foreign born and nearly 26 percent of the total population was not a U.S. citizen.  Over 58 percent reported speaking a language other than English at home.

Hala Anwayah, a mother attending the workshop, said that people of different cultures and different religions don’t feel safe or secure with their information being distributed.  Kusmierz added that some of the community members come from countries with oppressive governments.  Oftentimes they come here with a fear of government or a misunderstanding about why the census is being taken.

The U.S. Census Bureau is trying to address both language barriers and privacy concerns.  Paper census forms are available in Chinese, English, Korean, Russian, Spanish and  Vietnamese.  Language assistance guides are available in more than 50 languages, Taylor said.  In his presentation, Taylor stressed “our individual information is totally confidential” and explained  information collected in the census is kept private for 72 years.  Anyone who discloses personal information could face a $250,000 fine and five years in prison.

The bureau is also setting up Questionnaire Assistance Centers where people can seek help filling out their census forms or get answers to questions about the census.  Oftentimes, these centers are partnerships with community organizations such as the Muslim Women Resource Center, Taylor said.

Though tested in the 2000 census, Taylor said, this year’s census efforts reflect a greater effort to reach communities. Complete Count Committees have been formed in each of Chicago’s community areas with members from community business and activist organizations.

Taylor hopes that these efforts will foster a greater awareness of what the census means to community members so they can help explain the census and its implications to their neighbors.  When asked what could be done to help elderly residents who may be cautious about census workers knocking on their door, Taylor replied, “we hope that nighbors like you will tell them that the information is important to the community.  We’re depending on you.”

The census and its impact on community resources is another way for Kusmierz to connect community leaders with the many issues that affect them.  At the end of the census workshop, she announced an upcoming meeting about a new school built in the neighborhood.

Kusmierz said she expected a larger turnout at the census workshop, but that some parents had gone to a “kill the bill” rally to protest a state senate bill that would change the powers of local school councils.  Others had gone to an early morning board of education meeting.  Still, Kusmierz said those who had attended the census workshop would spread the message throughout their community.

by Geoffrey Hing and Shane Shifflett

Why j-school?

My last post explained what I was doing, but not neccessarily why I was doing it.  I had to answer some questions for the Medill website about the Knight Scholarship and I thought I’d share my responses here.

What was your undergrad major / graduation year? Did you work in your field of study after graduation?

I graduated from the Ohio State University in 2003 with a degree in computer science and engineering.  Shortly after that, I moved to Bloomington, Indiana where spent the next few years working a number computer-related jobs, mostly in the area of web-based software development, but spent much more time playing music and coordinating the Midwest Pages to Prisoners Project.

What interested you about attending Medill? (aka, why journalism and why now?)

Through my work with non-profits and grassroots community activist organizations, I was always engaged around the news and information in my community.  I felt like many of the roadblocks towards solving community problems that became framed as ideological conflicts were, at their roots, a result of an information gap within the community.  People didn’t understand what was happening, how government or institutions functioned, and the stories of different people with different orientations around community issues.  Journalism seemed like one of the fields best positioned to help meet the information needs of communities, and efforts such as the Knight Commission indicated that there was traction for framing the work of journalists beyond traditional news media.

I was also becoming frustrated with my role as a technology maker. I loved coding, but it was often an experience that was isolating from other people and from important things happening in the world.  Through networks such as the Allied Media Conference, I saw that there were exciting possibilities for using technology and technologically-mediated information to engage in the world, but I needed support to move in this direction.

Truthfully,my interest in Medill was the possibility of the Knight scholarship.  In any discipline it is tragically difficult to have the space of a year to switch gears, learn, and experiment while still being able to support oneself.  The possibility of the scholarship made my personal exploration seem possible.

Rich Gordon’s efforts to lower the barriers for hacker-journalists to develop formal journalism skills made me feel that there was a place for my interests at Medill and I thought that it was a pretty clever use of News Challenge funds in developing a framework for new journalism pedagogy rather than a technological framework.

Finally, as someone making music, I was already in the practice of telling stories and mediating information.  I felt wary of the information that could fit in a two or three minute song.  I wanted to have other storytelling abilities to complement making and sharing music.  Projects like Detroit-based MCs Finale and Invincible’s Locusts video (http://emergencetravel.net/node/7)  showed that there could be a complete integration between music and storytelling about news, community, and history.  For me, I felt like the structure of school could help me learn to research and tell stories that had a similar impact.

What role do you see in the future for programmers/developers/electrical/engineers in journalism?

I think there are probably many new roles, especially regarding building and maintaining new platforms, but I am most excited about the emergence of hacker-journalists.  Just as a photojournalist tells news stories through photos, the hacker-journalist tells stories through data and applications.

Can you postulate a bit about what technical folk bring to the journalism table? How will journalism benefit from your POV? (Aside from solving the billing crisis, of course.)

More than anything, technical folk bring a different perspective, different practice, and experience solving different but potentially analogous problems.  There are many, many outside perspectives that could benefit formal journalism and while I’m grateful that I received a scholarship to help fuse my technological practice with formal journalism training, it is extremely unfortunate that there aren’t similarly specific opportunities for people like untrained community journalists reporting from communities under-served by and underrepresented in the media.

Journalism will benefit most from my point of view not so much as a developer, but as a free/libre/open source software (FLOSS) user/developer.  I think that the best of FLOSS practice can bring three things to journalism.  First, FLOSS projects often try to make information free, useful, and don’t presume how users will find their tools or the information that it mediates useful.  Second, successful FLOSS projects build on a base of collaboration and community.  Finally, many FLOSS projects have a goal of sustainability that is more nuanced than the simple profitability of the software products that are produced.

Organizing in schools for the census

Community organizers in the northeast of Chicago are partnering with school communities to make sure that their neighborhoods are accurately counted in the 2010 census.

When census forms are sent out at the beginning of March, the returned forms may not record everyone living in communities in northeast neighborhoods of Chicago, which may impact funding for those communities.

Hina Mahmood, a community organizer with Organization of the Northeast, an organization of congregations, schools, nonprofits, and businesses, that engages people in issues affecting residents in northeast Chicago  neighborhoods, said the 2000 census return rate for Rogers Park was only 53 percent.

A 2001 PricewaterhouseCoopers report, commissioned by the U.S. Census Monitoring Board, showed that 2000 census undercounts resulted in lost federal funds for communities.  The report, which looked at the effects of census undercounts on funding from eight major programs from 2002 to 2012, estimated that Cook County would lose over $192 million in funding.

Housing instability is one factor that contributes to undercounting in northeast Chicago, Mahmood said.  She said people living in homeless shelters may not be counted in the census or count themselves in another neighborhood, such as the one where they grew up.

Mahmood also explained that as affordable housing disappears, some families double or triple up in a housing situation.  Fearing eviction for over-occupancy, the residents may only fill out the census form for one family, Mahmood said.

Mahmood said there is a “fear factor” for many people that keeps them from participating in the census.  Undocumented immigrants are particularly reluctant to provide census information.  Mahmood said undocumented immigrants may think, “’If I report myself, ICE or Homeland Security will come out to get me.”  But she stressed that there were safeguards in place that restrict the census bureau from sharing information with other government institutions.

Funding for public schools, libraries, transit, health care, and job development programs were all tied to census numbers, Mahmood said, adding that under-counting a community meant “missing out on really important and necessary resources.”

Organization of the Northeast facilitators such as Mahmood are trying to work with parents in a number of local schools, including Gale, Boone, and Clinton, to encourage participation in the census.  Mahmood said that organizers arrange presentations to parents by census workers to describe the census process and explain what happens when a community isn’t accurately counted.

Mahmood also saw engaging the community in the census as an opportunity to open up dialog and build leadership around other community issues.  “Who knows what other conversations will come up,” Mahmood said.

Back to school

I haven’t written here in a while and that’s largely because of going back to school.  At the beginning of January, I started a one-year MSJ program at the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University thanks to a scholarship from the Knight Foundation (read an article in Time about the scholarship).

Even with the funding, it was a hard decision to go back to school.  I’ve been surrounded by people doing awesome things, often in non-formal ways, without the support or constraint of school, and part of me felt like going back to school was a form of procrastination.

At the same time, the structure of school is really helpful to me in the way it balances my perfectionist tendencies.  It gives me a starting point.  All the possibilities for making things – the new programming languages I could learn, the songs I could write, the things happening in the world that I want to explore are so vast that I can easily just spin my wheels.  Having deadlines, project constraints, and even grades helps me to just do it and accept that there are things that I don’t do very well and have to get better at.

I also really love the way school makes me think about lots of different topics from the latest current events to how a municipality raises money, dissecting the way a news story works or doesn’t work effectively, debating the ethics of airing an unauthorized conversation with an accident victim trapped in her car. On face, I don’t know how interested I am in any of these things, but I love the process of inquiry and trying to link these ideas with things that seem more relevant to me or with some broader context.

All my classmates are really smart, and I think that it’s a good challenge for me to have to realize that people can come to a smart, critical perspective without all of the experiences that I always assumed make people smart and critical.  This is a ridiculous thing to realize, I know.  A classmate told me I was inquisitive and it’s hard to tell whether or not that was a euphemism. Somewhere along the way, whether it was because of grades, parental or teacher validation, the apathy of other students, I got the notion lodged in the back of my head that I was smarter than everyone else in the class. Going back to school when I’m more mature, and being around people who are smart and engaged has forced me to sit back and listen to others’ questions realizing that the time and space I take up is time and space I could be taking from someone else who has something smarter or more interesting to say or ask. It forces me to self-check whether my questions are really questions that I have or a performance of my identity as the kid who asks questions or brings a certain adversarial critique to the discussion.

Still, I feel like many of my classmates and I are looking to get different things out of school.  I’m glad that I got funding to go to school because I think that paying a ton of money to go to school, any school, can make you pretty risk averse or anxious about whether or not you get your money’s worth.  The program at Medill is only a year, which is good because it doesn’t eat up years of your life, but hard too, because it doesn’t give you much room for experimentation.  With the short time and high costs, there’s a lot of pressure to have a clear idea about what you want to do, get the skills you need to do it, and get out.

I think that both engineering, my undergraduate discipline, and journalism have very practical educational traditions.  This is great because I’ve been spending a significant part of my past weeks walking around Chicago neighborhoods, taking photos, recording audio, and talking to people.  On the other hand, there’s not as much space for trying out new ways to do things.  While there are “innovation projects” that many students can take, the goal of the program seems to produce graduates who have skills that will serve them well as working journalists, and I think that this is what a lot of students, at great expense, come to school for.  I see school less as a place to personally retool and more as a place where you can try out things that just aren’t possible or are too risky at a commercial media outlet, or where there aren’t the resources at an independent media organization.

Learning the basics of traditional newswriting has made me appreciate old-school journalism in a way I never did before.  There’s a craft that becomes apparent when one of my professors, a seasoned reporter, recasts a sentence you wrote and, like magic, it’s just better.  It has also made me understand media bias in a new way.  Within the constraints of time or space dictated by most of my stories for classes (meant to simulate those you would find writing for a newspaper), and writing for a broad audience, it was really scary to see how tame my stories turned out.  In everything I’ve written, even the things that are really bland, there have felt like a million editing decisions as part of the process.  I think that conveying information in a way that feels true, but is also compelling takes an incredible amount of time and practice.

In general, studying journalism is making me a better listener. Starting to talk to people with an angle in mind for a story is frustrating because, when I start talking to people. I can quickly realize that this really isn’t the story or that it will take much longer than my deadline to flush it out. But, even if I don’t get what I’m looking for, I still get the chance to have to listen, really listen to what someone else is saying about their experience, and I think that this can be a rare opportunity in today’s world. I’m am struck by how the competitive nature of mainstream journalism subverts listening. I don’t see how one can really explore the nuance of complex issues if you’re constrained to a certain number of paragraphs or have to file a story in a few hours. There is a craft in people who try to successfully navigate these constraints, but I’m convinced that there is also a need for media that isn’t mediated by these things.

Doing beat reporting has made me listen to the city in a different way also.  With each story, I see a different overlay of the city.  It might be graffiti one week, grocery stores the week before, foreclosed homes the next.  Jumping between these different areas of focus exposes both how vast the city is and also how much of it I can miss.

In j-school, I see such a struggle to shift from old media paradigms to new ones.  I’ve heard professors refer to citizen journalists at hobbyist or as competition for professional journalists, but there’s very little discussion of how bloggers and other community media makers are mediating and transmitting information that the mainstream media has no interest in dealing with.  It’s easy to talk about information in terms of the medium – print, broadcast, interactive – instead of the ways people use the information, or want to use information, or want to discover information.  There’s also a strict dichotomy between journalist and audience rather than seeing both as participants or part of a community.

The language of many of our lectures, even the future facing ones talks about the business of media or journalism. I see media as an ecosystem where business is part of the system, and maybe even an essential part, but where there are many components that are needed to maintain a healthy, sustainable flow of information. There’s a lot of messaging that seems intent on building confidence that graduates can find work in the remnants or next iteration of mainstream media. I wish there was some space for people who might be interested in participating in the rest of the ecosystem or putting the kinds of stories that people want to tell or the information they want to mediate first rather than the spaces where they can be told.

There must be spaces where the success or failure of an idea isn’t dictated by its market viability or practicality.

Cuts

A CTA Red Line train arriving at the Loyola stop

A few days into the recent CTA cuts and it really doesn’t seem that bad. The Tribune even seemed to struggle with its coverage when some people were saying their transit experience after the cuts sucked and other said it was fine, which is pretty much how the discourse over the quality of CTA service always goes. What is kind of terrifying is how different people’s experiences can be in the same city, riding the same transit system. It seems like a metaphor for the hopelessness of looking outside of one’s own experience.

Social media and neighborhood voice on the web

I had a pretty great (and very, very educational) time at Drupal Camp Chicago this past weekend.  I was particularly interested to attend Bec White’s BoF on using Drupal’s Geo data capabilities to implement the MoveSmart website.    MoveSmart provides a neighborhood finder that attempts to help people discover neighborhoods that would otherwise be part of “racial blind spots“.  It’s pretty remarkable that they were able to import, geocode, and weigh more than six different data sets about Chicago neighborhoods to help people discover neighborhoods in Chicago.

One future idea for the site that was mentioned is to include social information showing neighborhood assets as part of the finder results.  Bec noted that this is problematic because social content on the web is so segregated.  She said (I’m paraphrasing), “I live in Humbolt Park and on Everyblock there is a clear line where the restaurant reviews stop and the crime reports start”.

There is a huge disparity between how (or if) different neighborhood residents use their neighborhood voice on the web.  For those who live in well resourced neighborhoods, we take a positive representation of our neighborhood for granted.  Even if interacting on sites like Yelp or posting and geotagging photos of our ‘hood in Flickr seems like a waste of time, we can be sure that someone is creating this content.  For less resourced neighborhoods, creating social media about the neighborhood might also seem like a low priority, but it means that there are far fewer positive or first-person representations of the neighborhood.  Not only does this seem to increase the likelyhood of negative outside perception of the neighborhood, but it also makes discovery of the neighborhood and its assets harder.

Do neighborhood assets (schools, churches, community groups, family) have content that they could put on the web through social media sites?  I’m guessing that they do.  I’m going to assume that taking snapshots is a fairly universal practice.  If this assumption is correct, what barriers exist to these things being shared through social media?  Is it because of lack of time, technological familiarity, computer, broadband, or mobile access?  Or, is it that they are shared, but not through social network platforms that offers easy (or broadly implemented) programatic retrieval of geographically associated data (e.g. MySpace)?

View OurMap of Environmental Justice in a larger map

One possible model for creating more geographically associated neighborhood social media would be to work with community groups to build maps such as Little Village Environmental Justice Organization’s Our Map of Environmental Justice.  While this map, developed by youth in Chicago’s Little Village neighborhood largely shows environmental and social hazards (coal burning power plants, gang territory divisions), it also shows some community assets (schools, parks).    Using a platform like Google MyMaps seems like an easy and fun way for people to represent their neighborhood on the web.  Linking to an image in a map seems like it is more conceptually intuitive than geotagging an image uploaded to Flickr.  It looks like you can get GeoRSS out of Google MyMaps and this could be parsed into a database and made available to others through an API.

I think that youth in a neighborhood are probably quicker to adopt using social media than older adults. However, I think that youth media efforts often try to get youth to participate under a centralized project. It’s possible that, posting media on accessible platforms, a free-form, decentralized approach could offer a greater benefit. The project could focus on aggregating the social media rather than trying to guide youth to post certain media, in a certain place, in a certain way.

While those looking to discover neighborhoods across racial blind spots would certainly benefit from a broader set of geographically discoverable neighborhood social media, it is ultimately up to individual neighborhoods to decide if they benefit from voicing neighborhood identity and experience on the web.

Finding duplicate records in a books to prisoners database application

High on my list of neglected tech. projects is the Testament books to prisoners database web application.  This is the database program that projects like the Midwest Pages to Prisoners Project use to track packages sent and returned and books requested in the hopes avoiding delays in delivering books to incarcerated people and to provide metrics that grant providers like.

One of the design challenges has to do with duplicate records.  Recipients of books are identified by their state/federal department of correction (DOC) number (if they’re in a state or federal prison – most jails don’t use ID numbers), their state of incarceration and their name.  I assume that the database was designed originally to minimize barriers for the book project volunteers so both the name and DOC# are free text fields.  Javascript is used to match existing records based on the DOC#, but there is still a large possibility for duplicate records.

The reason for duplicate records is that both the person writing to request books and the volunteer may list their name and/or DOC# inconsistently.  For instance, the state may store the DOC# in their database as A-123456 but the incarcerated person may write it as A123456 A-123-456 or just 123456.  Volunteers who don’t know about this and aren’t careful may not check beforehand for an existing record.

This is probably preventable through more sophisticated validation, but we still need a way to find duplicates in the existing records.  As this application is written in the Django framework, I want to try to use the Django API to find matches.

At first thought, it seems like I will have to iterate through each inmate record and check if there is a duplicate record.  This seems pretty slow, but I can’t think of a better way to do this.  At this point, there aren’t so many records that this approach will fail, but it would be nice to do something slicker.

The other problem is how to match a duplicate.  One approach might be to build a regexp for the DOC# (for instance, match either the first character or omit it, allow dashes or spaces between all characters, …) and then use the iregexp field lookup to try to find matches. One challenge with this is that the current Testament codebase is using Django 0.97 (I think) and iregexp is only available starting in 1.0.  Maybe it’s time we updated our code anyway.

There is also the Python difflib module that can compute deltas between strings.  However, it seems like this would slow things down even further because you would have to load each inmate object and then use difflib to compare the DOC#s.  I assume that the previous approach would be faster because the regexp matching happens at the database level.

String mangling in Excel/VBA

Often, I find myself needing to do string mangling in spreadsheets. For instance, in an Excel dump of an MS Access database, the names of institutions were sometimes written as “Foo, University of” or “Foo U”. I wanted these to be formatted as “University of Foo” and “Foo University” respectively. I may be misinformed but there doesn’t seem to be regexp style substitution in VBA. I could do this directly in the spreadsheet, but conditional use of functions gets to be hard to understand and difficult to edit. So, I wrote the following custom function in VBA.

Function FormatInstitutionName(institutionName As Variant) As String
'Formats an institution name for import into CiviCRM:
'"Foo, University of" => "University of Foo"
'"Foo U" => "Foo University"
    Dim newInstitutionName As String

    newInstitutionName = institutionName

    If InStr(newInstitutionName, ", University of") Then
        newInstitutionName = "University of " & Replace(newInstitutionName, ", University of", "")
    End If

    If InStr(Len(newInstitutionName) - 1, newInstitutionName, "U") Then
        newInstitutionName = Left(newInstitutionName, Len(newInstitutionName) - 2) & " University"
    End If

    FormatInstitutionName = newInstitutionName
End Function

Add this to your workbook by following the instructions at http://www.vertex42.com/ExcelArticles/user-defined-functions.html

Then call it in your spreadsheet cells like like:

=FormatInstitutionName(C2)